What are questions where the researcher has predetermined the possible responses called?

What are questions where the researcher has predetermined the possible responses called?

• A. Open questions
• B. Leading questions
• C. Double-barreled questions
• D. Closed and pre-coded questions

Answer: (D)

The concept tested is how questions are structured to fit analysis by using fixed response options. When researchers set fixed choices for respondents to select from, the questions are closed-ended. If those choices are organized in advance with specific codes for each option, they are described as pre-coded. This combination—fixed responses and pre-arranged coding—makes data easy to quantify and compare across many participants, which is especially useful in large surveys. Open questions allow respondents to write their own answers, which is harder to quantify; leading questions push toward a particular answer, introducing bias; double-barreled questions mix two issues in one, causing confusion. So the description of closed and pre-coded questions best fits the idea of predetermined possible responses.

The concept tested is how questions are structured to fit analysis by using fixed response options. When researchers set fixed choices for respondents to select from, the questions are closed-ended. If those choices are organized in advance with specific codes for each option, they are described as pre-coded. This combination—fixed responses and pre-arranged coding—makes data easy to quantify and compare across many participants, which is especially useful in large surveys. Open questions allow respondents to write their own answers, which is harder to quantify; leading questions push toward a particular answer, introducing bias; double-barreled questions mix two issues in one, causing confusion. So the description of closed and pre-coded questions best fits the idea of predetermined possible responses.